From
The relationship between serum sex steroid levels and heart rate variability parameters in males and the effect of age:
In conclusion, serum sex steroids may have important effects on cardiac autonomic function in addition to their effects on reproductive function. While physiological levels of androgens were positively related with parasympathetic activity, estrogens were positively related with sympathetic activity in men. In contrast, decreased androgen levels in aging males have controversial effects on autonomic function. However, adrenal androgens seem to be more important for cardiac autonomic control. Further large-scale studies may shed light on the effect of adrenal androgens on autonomic functions.
From
Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system:
Experimental data indicates the presence of receptors for gonadal hormones in the CNS, including in regions relevant for the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Central administration of oestrogen enhances parasympathetic activity. In addition, there is evidence that testosterone enhances NA and NPY synthesis as well as reducing activity of NA clearance. Conversely, oestrogen enhances the activity of choline uptake and acetycholine synthesis. Studies with peripheral tissues also indicate that oestrogen is associated with increased synthesis and release of acetylcholine. All these observations are consistent with the previously discussed observations that, in general, parasympathetic responsiveness is greater in females and sympathetic responsiveness greater in males. Recent developments indicate that oestrogen may also modulate nerve density and survival via effects on nerve growth factor. In addition, the anti-apoptopic effects of oestrogen may explain why age related decline in autonomic activity is more evident in males than females.
Go to the supplementary data eTable1:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2050116118300199Estradiol which is high, is positively related to sympathetic activity. Testosterone is low, which is positively related to parasympathetic activity. The net effect is sympathetic dominance/overactivity. This data could indicate that the patient's ANS balance is disturbed towards a sympathetic state.
The prevalence of (lifelong) premature ejaculation in poisers could indicate a sympathetic overactive ANS:
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in lifelong premature ejaculation: analysis of heart rate variability The argumentation above does not apply to females and could therefore explain the prevalence of POIS in males compared to females.
Some poisers are mentioning that their POIS symptoms are less intense at an old age compared to when they were younger. Autonomic activity of males seem to decline with age.
Chronic SNS activity could alter immune homeostasis and affect GI inflammation/blood supply/motility leading to altered microbiome/leaky gut/IBD.
Neural regulation of gastrointestinal inflammation: Role of the sympathetic nervous systemEjaculation could activate the SNS even further and induce low grade neuroinflammation by releasing peptides like Neuropeptide Y which could be responsible for burning sensations:
Neuropeptide Y: a new mediator linking sympathetic nerves, blood vessels and immune system?The neuroinflammation could demyelinate nerves in the urinary tract sensitizing them to neuropeptides in seminal fluid leading to a myriad of new symptoms. Perhaps SNS activity over a long term could prime mast cells to be more reponsive to elements from seminal fluid as well.
''Conclusion: An unfavourable shift in the cardiac autonomic tone in men with lower testosterone levels was observed in response to a stressor. Understanding the role of sex hormones in modulation of cardiac autonomic tone may help guide risk reduction strategies in men.''
Testosterone is associated with the cardiovascular autonomic response to a stressor in healthy menSympathetic activity should be measured in poisers and needs to be objectified. Once that is established we can go from there on forward step by step.
