General Category > Articles, References and Links
POIS Paper Archive - a list of scientific articles about POIS
Muon:
Treatment used in literature
Click here for a summary of "treatments" which have been filtered out from the list of scientific articles below. Use the first post of that thread, ignore the rest. There are two main compilation threads about treatment on POIScenter, the first is based on literature and the second is based on experience from the community by Quantum. Nomenclature: Literature = scientific articles = papers.
How to bypass paywalls of scientific papers in general:
Copy one of the following:
1) The URL of a website showing a paper (yes the entire http:// webbrowser link).
2) DOI number (shown by abstract/paper or it's oftentimes shown at the end of an URL).
3) Title of paper (less chance paper shows up than method 1 and 2).
And paste it into the search bar of https://sci-hub.se/ or https://sci-hub.tw/
Sometimes you will be prompted to type in a word (bot prevention). And sometimes the site doesn't show the paper but you can still retrieve it by using the save button at the left side.
Replace .tw by .se or .do and vice versa in the url if the website is down (other extensions: st, ee).
Other option (One may upload (locked) POIS papers so that they become accessible, uploading everything in one big collection could be an option)
https://archive.org/
https://annas-archive.org/
https://pdfdrive.to/
Find the latest (POIS) papers by using:
https://scholar.google.com
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
http://worldcat.org/
https://presearch.com/
Contacting doctors/researchers
This thread may also serve as a way to contact doctors who are not present on POIScenter's list of doctors. Click on an article to see the authors and their contact info.
What article do you recommend to share with my doctor to introduce POIS?
Waldinger's 2016 article (number 15). Two articles for female patients: #15 + #74
DOI name/number
Each article has been given a unique number. Insert the number into https://www.doi.org to recover the article.
Titles of papers starting with 'RE:' are published comments on existing papers. Please report dead links.
2002
1. Waldinger, M. D., & Schweitzer, D. H. (2002). Postorgasmic illness syndrome: Two cases. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 28(3), 251-255.
2010
2. Dexter, S. (2010). Benign coital headache relieved by partner's pregnancies with implications for future treatment. Case Reports, 2010, bcr1020092359.
3. Ashby, J., & Goldmeier, D. (2010). Postorgasm illness syndrome - a spectrum of illnesses. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(5), 1976-1978.
2011
4. Waldinger, M. D., Meinardi, M. M. H. M., Zwinderman, A. H., & Schweitzer, D. H. (2011). Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) in 45 Dutch caucasian males: Clinical characteristics and evidence for an immunogenic pathogenesis (Part 1). The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(4), 1164-1170.
5. Waldinger, M. D., Meinardi, M. M., & Schweitzer, D. H. (2011). Hyposensitization therapy with autologous semen in two Dutch Caucasian males: Beneficial effects in postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS; Part 2). The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(4), 1171-1176.
6. Farley, S. J. (2011). Postorgasmic illness syndrome. Nat Rev Urol, 8(3), 121.
7. Nguyen, T., Dimov, V., & Bewtra, A. (2011). Seminal fluid hypersensitivity in a man with postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS). Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 107, A48-A48.
2013
8. Desai, G., Sharma, M., & Chaturvedi, S. K. (2013). Medically unexplained symptoms explained! A case of post orgasmic illness syndrome. Indian Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2(1), 18-20.
9. Attia AM, Yasien HA and Al-Ziny MH. Post-orgasmic illness syndrome: a case report [version 1; peer review: 3 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2013, 2:113.
10. Puerta, S. J., & Cardona, M. W. (2013). Postorgasmic illness syndrome: semen allergy in men. Actas urologicas espanolas, 37(9), 593. (Translated version)
11. Shigeta K, Kikuchi E, Matsushima M, Daimon T, Yazawa S, Ando T, et al. A clinical case of suspected postorgasmic illness syndrome. J Sex Med. 2013;10 Supp 3:220.
12. Kryzhanovsky, I. D. (2013). Postorgasmic illness syndrome: A case from practice. Medical and social problems of the family, 18(4), 107-111. (Translated version)
2015
13. Jiang, N., Xi, G., Li, H., & Yin, J. (2015). Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) in a Chinese man: No proof for IgE-mediated allergy to semen. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 840-845.
2016
14. Mashal, A. Beer, S. (2016). Post orgasmic illness. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(5), S199.
15. Waldinger, M. D. (2016). Post orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS). Translational andrology and urology, 5(4), 602.
2017
16. Gerber, D. (2017). Flooding as A Treatment for Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(1), S84.
17. Serefoglu, E. C. (2017). Post-orgasmic illness syndrome: Where are we? The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(5), 641-642.
18. Bignami, B., Honore, T., Turmel, N., Haddad, R., Weglinski, L., Le Breton, F., & Amarenco, G. (2017). Post-orgasmic illness syndrome. Progres en urologie: journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie, 27(7), 446. (Translated version)
2018
19. Goldstein, I., & Komisaruk, B. R. (2018). Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Female Orgasmic Illness Syndrome. Textbook of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction, 239-243. doi:10.1002/9781119266136.ch17
20. Nguyen, H. M. T., Bala, A., Gabrielson, A. T., & Hellstrom, W. J. G. (2018). Post-orgasmic illness syndrome: A review. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 6(1), 11-15.
21. Depreux, N., Basagana, M., & Pascal, M. (2018). Negative allergy study in a case of postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS). Revista Internacional de Androlog?a, 16(1), 42-44.
22. Kim, T. B., Shim, Y. S., Lee, S. M., Son, E. S., Shim, J. W., & Lee, S. P. (2018). Intralymphatic immunotherapy with autologous semen in a Korean man with post-orgasmic illness syndrome. Sexual Medicine, 6(2), 174-179.
2019
23. Strashny, A. First assessment of the validity of the only diagnostic criteria for postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS). Int J Impot Res 31, 369-373 (2019).
24. Albayrak, A. T., & Serefoglu, E. C. (2019). Editorial Comment on "First assessment of the validity of the only diagnostic criteria for postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS)". International journal of impotence research, 31(5), 374-375.
25. Abdessater, M., Elias, S., Mikhael, E. et al. Post orgasmic illness syndrome: what do we know till now?. Basic Clin. Androl. 29, 13 (2019).
26. Stafie, C. S., & Stafie, I. I. (2019). Post coital allergy - A case report of post orgasmic illness syndrome. The Medical-Surgical Journal, 123(2), 258-261. (Data overview)
27. De Amicis, K., Costa, P. R., Figo, D. D., De Lima, C. M. F., Castro, F. F. M., Kalil, J., Santos, K. S., Galvao, C. E. S. (2019). Immunophenotypical Characterization of a Brazilian POIS (Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome) Patient: Adding More Pieces to Puzzle. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 1-7.
28. Tsai, C., & Li, M. (2019, October). A New Exploration of the Combined Treatment of Symptoms and Social Work Psychology in Male Sexual Addiction Patients. In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019). Atlantis Press.
29. Bolanos, J., & Morgentaler, A. (2019). Successful treatment of Post-orgasmic illness syndrome with human chorionic gonadotropin. Urology Case Reports, 101078.
30. Pierce, H., Fainberg, J., Gaffney, C., Aboukhashaba, A., Khan, A., & Kashanian, J. (2019). Postorgasmic illness syndrome: potential new treatment options for a rare disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 1-3.
2020
31. Fainberg, J., Gaffney, C., Pierce, H., Aboukhshaba, A., & Kashanian, J. A. (2020). 144 Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review with Contemporary Treatment Considerations. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(1), S41-S42.
32. Natale, C., Gabrielson, A., Nguyen, H. M. T., & Hellstrom, W. J. (2020). 139 Characterizing the Epidemiological Landscape of Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(1), S40.
33. Paulos, M. R., & Avelliino, G. J. (2020). Post-orgasmic illness syndrome: history and current perspectives. Fertility and Sterility, 113(1), 13-15.
34. Niederberger, C. (2020). Re: Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: History and Current Perspectives. The Journal of Urology, 204(4), 864-865.
35. Yong, P. J. (2020). Clinical Conundrum: A 33-Year-Old With Pain Post-Orgasm and a History of Endometriosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 42(5), 625-628.
36. Natale*, C., Gabrielson, A., Tue Nguyen, H. M., & Hellstrom, W. (2020). MP84-19 Characterizing the disease course and current treatment practices of Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome in a large sample of patients. The Journal of Urology, 203(Supplement 4),e1271-e1272.
37. Reisman, Y. (2020). Clinical experience with post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) patients-characteristics and possible treatment modality. International Journal of Impotence Research, 1-7.
38. Arata, K., Tamagawa?Mineoka, R., Ohshita, A., Masuda, K., & Katoh, N. (2020). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective against postorgasmic illness syndrome: A case report. Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy.
39. Takeshima, T., Kuroda, S., & Yumura, Y. (2020). Case of post-orgasmic illness syndrome associated with hypogonadism. IJU Case Reports.
40. Bassett, J., & Goldmeier, D. (2020). Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome. Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners, 491.
41. Natale, C., Gabrielson, A., Nguyen, H. M. T., Dick, B., & Hellstrom, W. J. (2020). Analysis of the Symptomatology, Disease Course, and Treatment of Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome in a Large Sample. The Journal of Sexual Medicine.
42. William, Pakpahan, C., Ibrahim, R. (2020). Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Closer Look. Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal, 1(2), 54-59.
2021
43. Orzel, J., and R. Rubin. "042 Successful treatment strategies in two patients with Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS)." The Journal of Sexual Medicine 18.3 (2021): S23-S24. (Full version)
44. Natale, C., Nguyen, H. M. T., Gabrielson, A., & Hellstrom, W. "040 Developing an In-Office Tool to Identify Patients with a Rare and Debilitating Orgasmic Illness." The Journal of Sexual Medicine 18.3 (2021): S22-S23.
45. Chiclana-Actis, C. et al."SINDROME DE ENFERMEDAD POSTORGASMICA" Rev. SCHU 2021; 86(2): 18-22.
46. Sonkodi, B., Kopa, Z., Nyirády, P. "Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?" Cells 2021, 10, 1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10081867
47. Huang TB, Yu JJ, Du YJ, Liu ZY. "Novel treatment for post-orgasmic illness syndrome: a case report and literature review". Asian J Androl, 2021.
48. Hamdi, G., Ben Ammar, H., Charaa, O., Brahmi, L., Maamri, A., & Zalila, H. "The first Tunisian case of postorgasmic illness syndrome: A case report" Clinical Case Reports 9.11 (2021): e05120.
2022
49. Wrotynska-Barczynska, J., Swat, E., Berger, A., Pawelczyk, L., & Jedrzejczak, P. "Intensified Hyposensitization Is an Effective Treatment of Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS)." Sexual Medicine 10.2 (2022): 100474.
50. Reisman, Yacov, and Francesca Tripodi."Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS)." Textbook of Rare Sexual Medicine Conditions. Springer, Charm. (2022): 111-124
51. Su, Hao, et al. "Post-orgasmic illness syndrome accompanied with testosterone deficiency: a case report." Journal of Men's Health 18.6 (2022): 130.
52. Panicker, Venugopal, Shajahan P. Sulaiman, and Arjun Suresh. "Post Ejaculation Sickness - a rare form of allergy." Pulmon: 44.
53. Shanholtzer, Andrew, et al. "Post orgasmic illness syndrome successfully managed with antihistamine: A case report" Urology Case Reports 45 (2022): 102189.
54. Zizzo, John, et al. "Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome: An Update" European Urology Focus (2022).
2023
55. Ismail, Ali Mohamed Ali. "Complementary role of Benson's relaxation technique in post orgasmic illness syndrome." The Aging Male 26.1 (2023): 2174511.
56. Su Hao, Li Hongjun. "Research progress of post-orgasmic illness syndrome". Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version), 2023, 11(1): 77-80.
57. Rosetti, Leah, et al. "Case series: expanding diagnostic markers in postorgasmic illness syndrome." Sexual Medicine 11.2 (2023): qfac021.
58. Kawamura, Hisho, et al. "Post-orgasmic illness syndrome with positive intradermal test for autologous semen." The Journal of Dermatology (2023).
59. Acs, Julia, et al. "Unwanted effects of orgasm: „Post-orgasmic illness” syndrome (POIS) - new data." Magyar Urologia 35.1 (2023): 8-10. (Removed punctuation marks, SMF is unable to process these)
60. Padhye, M., P. Trowbridge, and R. Rubin. "(236) Flibanserin for Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Case Report." The Journal of Sexual Medicine 20.Supplement_1 (2023): qdad060-222.
61. Paulsen, O., et al. "(107) Uncovering the Role of Mast Cell Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Vulvodynia, Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome, and Interstitial Cystitis." The Journal of Sexual Medicine 20.Supplement_2 (2023): qdad061-103.
62. Duran, Mesut Berkan, et al. "Recognition and practice patterns of sexual medicine experts towards postorgasmic illness syndrome." International Journal of Impotence Research (2023): 1-4.
63. Rao TSS, Andrade C. "Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome." Journal of Psychosexual Health. 2023;5(2):75-76. doi:10.1177/26318318231194228.
64. James, Talia, et al. "P81: POST-ORGASMIC ILLNESS SYNDROME SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH OMALIZUMAB" Intern Med J. 2023, 53(S3): 28-28. doi:10.1111/imj.80_16230.
65. Chea, Maryane et al. "Postorgasmic illness syndrome: one or several entities? A retrospective cohort study." The journal of sexual medicine, qdad139. 23 Oct. 2023 doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdad139.
66. Xi, Guang-Peng, et al. "Clinical characteristics, allergic response to autologous semen, and desensitization in patients with postorgasmic illness syndrome" Sexual Medicine 11.6 (2023): qfad068. doi:10.1093/sexmed/qfad068
2024
67. Methorst, C. "Le post-orgasmic illness syndrome: post coitum flu" Progres en Urologie-FMC (2024).
68. Odusanya, B.O., Pearce, I. & Modgil, V. "Post orgasmic illness syndrome: a review" Int J Impot Res (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00860-3
69. Wu et al. "Beneficial effects of the first case of washed microbiota transplantation for postorgasmic illness syndrome: a case report" Sexual Medicine, Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024, qfae015.DOI:10.1093/sexmed/qfae015
70. Alan W Shindel. "Optimizing trial design in studies of postorgasmic illness syndrome" Sexual Medicine Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024, qfae016. DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfae016
71. Paulsen, Olivia, et al. "PD28-10 An international prospective registry of people with Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome" The Journal of Urology 211.5S (2024): e616. DOI: 10.1097/01.JU.0001009380.44020.d3.10
72. AKDENIZ, Ekrem, and Muhammet Bahaettin ULU. "Post-orgazmik Hastalik Sendromu." Turkiye Klinikleri Urology-Special Topics 17.2 (2024): 68-71.
73. Alanazi F K, Sawma A, Harisi M, et al. (June 01, 2024). Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 16(6): e61494. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61494
74. Paulsen, O., et al. "(014) WOMEN WITH POSTORGASMIC ILLNESS SYNDROME: DATA FROM AN INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY" The Journal of Sexual Medicine 21.Supplement_5 (2024). DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae054.014
75. Lima, V.F.N., et al. "Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome in Men: A Literature Review of a Challenging Condition". Curr Sex Health Rep (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s11930-024-00394-1
76. Bronson, I, et al. "(048) Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome as a disability". The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 21, Issue Supplement_7, December 2024, qdae167.046. DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae167.046
77. Orozco Rendon, D, et al. "(049) First time robotic assisted laparoscopic bilateral vesiculectomy for Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: a case report". The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 21, Issue Supplement_7, December 2024, qdae167.047. DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae167.047
78. Bronson, I, et al. "(050) Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome: an impedement to intimate relationships and self-esteem". The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 21, Issue Supplement_7, December 2024, qdae167.048. DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae167.048
79. Chapalamadugu, M., et al. "(301) TREATMENT MODALITIES IN POST-ORGASMIC ILLNESS SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW". The Journal of Sexual Medicine 21, Supplement_7 (2024): qdae167-292.
80. Okan, K., Kural, R.F., Demir, M. et al. "Postorgasmic illness syndrome benefiting from omalizumab and antidepressant: a case report". J Med Case Reports 18, 632 (2024). doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04986-2
81. Gourgy Hacohen O. et al. "A Role for IgE in Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: Successful Omalizumab Treatment in Absence of Positive Skin Test to Self Semen". Am J Case Rep, 2024; 25: e945529.
CONGRESS/SYMPOSIA
Kural, RF, et al. "Successful Treatment of Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome with Omalizumab: A Report on Two Cases". EAACI Congress 2024.
Froukh, Ubadah, et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Treatment of Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases." Vanderbilt Symposium 2024 (which one?), detected online: 27 July 2024.
VIDEO REPORTS M.D.
Post-orgasmic illness syndrome successfully treated with Omalizumab
Cancelled POIS studies
Dr. Barry R. Komisaruk, is POIS a case of Vagal Dystonia?: An fMRI brain activity analysis, 2014, Report 2, Report 3, Reason
POIS Pilot Studies
Dr. Waldinger, Diclofenac pilot study.
POIS-like phenomena pre 2002?
Crosby, Josiah. "SEMINAL WEAKNESS--CASTRATION." The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (1828-1851) 29.1 (1843): 10.
Dr. Jay Goldstein, Betrayal by the Brain: The Neurologic Basis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia Syndrome, and Related Neural Network Disorders, 1996, p63. (In his 2004 book 'Tuning the brain' p299 he mentions relapse by sexual arousal)
Experience of a POIS/CFS patient with Dr. Jay Goldstein during the 1990s
POIS cases may be found among patients with sexual neurasthenia, sexual weakness, Spermatorrhoea, Sex neurosis, Shen-K'uei Syndrome, Dhat Syndrome etc.
Articles mentioning POIS, not sure to put them on the list:
Orgasmic migraine aura: Report of two cases
Introduction: Rare and unusual andrologic syndromes that clinicians should be aware of
Medical Treatment of Disorders of Ejaculation (2022)
Intimate Contact Could Be Dangerous for Your Health
Allergen Tolerance in the Genitourinary Tract
A clinical guide to rare male sexual disorders
Muon:
Other papers
Let me know if you see an interesting paper, I can add it. The list is dynamic, papers can be removed or replaced. Some are placeholders for the time being.
Neuroendrocrine response to orgasm (Summary)
Haake, P., Krueger, T. H., Goebel, M. U., Heberling, K. M., Hartmann, U., & Schedlowski, M. (2004). Effects of sexual arousal on lymphocyte subset circulation and cytokine production in man. Neuroimmunomodulation, 11(5), 293-298.
Kruger, T. H. C., Haake, P., Chereath, D., Knapp, W., Janssen, O. E., Exton, M. S., ... & Hartmann, U. (2003). Specificity of the neuroendocrine response to orgasm during sexual arousal in men. Journal of Endocrinology, 177(1), 57.
Brody, S., & Krüger, T. H. (2006). The post-orgasmic prolactin increase following intercourse is greater than following masturbation and suggests greater satiety. Biological Psychology, 71(3), 312-315.
Mast cells (MCAS thread 1, 2)
Lemal, Richard et al. Omalizumab Therapy for Mast Cell-Mediator Symptoms in Patients with ISM, CM, MMAS, and MCAS. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice vol. 7,7 (2019): 2387-2395.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.03.039
Molderings GJ, Afrin LB. A survey of the currently known mast cell mediators with potential relevance for therapy of mast cell-induced symptoms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Nov;396(11):2881-2891. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02545-y.
Theoharides, T. C. (2017). Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: Challenges and controversies. Experimental dermatology, 26(9), 751-759.
Theoharides, T. C., & Stewart, J. M. (2015). Genitourinary mast cells and survival. Translational andrology and urology, 4(5), 579.
Afrin, L. B., Butterfield, J. H., Raithel, M., & Molderings, G. J. (2016). Often seen, rarely recognized: mast cell activation disease - a guide to diagnosis and therapeutic options. Annals of medicine, 48(3), 190-201. (Compare fatigue prevalence to Natale et al.)
Kounis, N. G., Ren, H. L., Kavalioti, M., Koniari, I., & Theoharides, T. C. (2019). Intimate Contact Could Be Dangerous for Your Health. Clinical therapeutics.
Mast cells and inflammation
Recent advances in our understanding of mast cell activation - or should it be mast cell mediator disorders?
Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells: Key Modulators of Barrier Function and Homeostasis
Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide regulation of mast cell function: a systematic review
Kempuraj, D., Mentor, S., Thangavel, R., Ahmed, M. E., Selvakumar, G. P., Raikwar, S. P., ... & Zaheer, A. (2019). Mast cells in stress, pain, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 13, 54.
Neuroinflammation, Mast Cells, and Glia: Dangerous Liaisons
A tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine, promotes mast cell activation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Testosterone/DHT/hCG
Bianchi, V. E. (2019). The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Testosterone. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(1), 91-107.
Wang, X., Shen, C. L., Dyson, M. T., Eimerl, S., Orly, J., Hutson, J. C., & Stocco, D. M. (2005). Cyclooxygenase-2 Regulation of the Age-Related Decline in Testosterone Biosynthesis . Endocrinology, 146(10), 4202-4208.
Walecki, M., Eisel, F., Klug, J., Baal, N., Paradowska-Dogan, A., Wahle, E., ... & Fijak, M. (2015). Androgen receptor modulates Foxp3 expression in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells. Molecular biology of the cell, 26(15), 2845-2857.
Martikainen, H., Huhtaniemi, I., & Vihko, R. (1980). Response of peripheral serum sex steroids and some of their precursors to a single injection of hCG in adult men. Clinical Endocrinology, 13(2), 157-166.
Lo, E. M., Rodriguez, K. M., Pastuszak, A. W., & Khera, M. (2018). Alternatives to testosterone therapy: a review. Sexual medicine reviews. Sexual medicine reviews, 6(1), 106-113.
Rubinow, D. R., Roca, C. A., Schmidt, P. J., Danaceau, M. A., Putnam, K., Cizza, G., ... & Nieman, L. (2005). Testosterone suppression of CRH-stimulated cortisol in men. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(10), 1906-1912.
Estrada, M., Espinosa, A., Mu?ller, M., & Jaimovich, E. (2003). Testosterone stimulates intracellular calcium release and mitogen-activated protein kinases via a G protein-coupled receptor in skeletal muscle cells. Endocrinology, 144(8 ), 3586-3597.
Benten, W. P. M., Lieberherr, M., Sekeris, C. E., & Wunderlich, F. (1997). Testosterone induces Ca2+ influx via non-genomic surface receptors in activated T cells. FEBS letters, 407(2), 211-214.
Barbagallo, M., Dominguez, L. J., Licata, G., Ruggero, R., Lewanczuk, R. Z., Pang, P. K., & Resnick, L. M. (2001). Effect of testosterone on intracellular Ca++ in vascular smooth muscle cells. American journal of hypertension, 14(12), 1273-1275.
Low Testosterone Level Is an Independent Determinant of Endothelial Dysfunction in Men
Testosterone Induces Molecular Changes in Dopamine Signaling Pathway Molecules in the Adolescent Male Rat Nigrostriatal Pathway
Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on spatial learning strategies and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in male rats
Male-specific IL-33 expression regulates sex-dimorphic EAE susceptibility
Testosterone regulation of Akt/mTORC1/FoxO3a signaling in skeletal muscle
RESOLUTION OF SEASONAL ALLERGIES BY TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN A HYPOGONADAL MALE PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Alterations of histamine metabolism after injections of sex hormones in mice.
Testosterone modulates platelet aggregation and endothelial cell growth through nitric oxide pathway
Glucocorticoids and androgens protect from gastric metaplasia by suppressing group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation
Testosterone Regulates Tight Junction Proteins and Influences Prostatic Autoimmune Responses
Premature ejaculation
The epidemiology of premature ejaculation
Gokce, A., Atik, Y., Halis, F., & Cimen, H. (2017). The role of brain derived neurotrophic factor in etiology of premature ejaculation. European Urology Supplements, 16(13), e3049.
Atik, Y. T., Gokce, A., Halis, F., & Cimen, H. I. (2020). Can low serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels be associated with lifelong premature ejaculation?; A pilot study. Andrologia, e13746.
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rapid ejaculator rats: A further study (2021)
Zorba, O. U., Cicek, Y., Uzun, H., Cetinkaya, M., Onem, K., & Rifaio?lu, M. M. (2012). Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in lifelong premature ejaculation: analysis of heart rate variability. Urology, 80(6), 1283-1286.
Xia, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Luan, J., Yang, J., Cong, R., ... & Song, N. (2020). Association of NE, leptin, and 5-HT with electrophysiological parameters in patients with primary premature ejaculation. Andrology.
Novel Marker for Premature Ejaculation: Serum Leptin Level (2022)
Waldinger, M. D. (2007). Stress and Premature Ejaculation - A Response. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4(5), 1519.
P-02-23 Glans Penis Augmentation Using Hyaluronic Acid Gel for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation
Relevance of serum nitric oxide levels and the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment on premature ejaculation: decreased nitric oxide is associated with premature ejaculation
Aloosh, M., Hassani, M., & Nikoobakht, M. (2006). Seminal plasma magnesium and premature ejaculation: a case-control study. BJU international, 98(2), 402-404.
Stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors elicits "premature ejaculation" in rats
Low serum vitamin D is associated with an increased likelihood of acquired premature ejaculation
Milnacipran for Postcoital Cephalgia and Premature Ejaculation (Forum)
Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects of milnacipran in inflamed rats: involvement of myeloperoxidase activity, cytokines and oxidative/nitrosative stress
" Milnacipran, a dual reuptake inhibitor, acts its therapeutic effect partly by targeting glial activation and thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation."
Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia
Chromium Deficiency: The Predicted Underlying Cause for Up-regulation of Calcium Signaling in Non-Excitable Cells.
Abnormal Thalamic Metabolism in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
2020 Review A network meta-analysis on comparative efficacy and tolerability of on-demand therapy for premature ejaculation
Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation by Resting-State Functional MRI
Hormonal correlations of premature ejaculation
Relationship Between Amyloid Precursor Protein in Seminal Plasma and Abnormal Penile Sympathetic Skin Response in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
2019 Review Premature ejaculation: an update on definition and pathophysiology
AB036. Effects and its potential mechanisms of Cox-2 inhibitors on ejaculation latency of rat with experimental autoimmune prostatitis
Use of Topical Berberine to Manage Premature Ejaculation and/or Erectile Dysfunction: Restoration of Endothelial Homeostasis.
Significance of piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 in premature ejaculation: An animal study
A Study of Differences in Penile Dorsal Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potential Testing Among Healthy Controls and Patients With Primary and Secondary Premature Ejaculation
Sirt3 modulation may be beneficial in the treatment of ejaculation dysfunction
Relation between blood vitamin B12 levels with premature ejaculation: case–control study
Involvement of Histamine H3 Receptor Agonism in Premature Ejaculation Found by Studies in Rats (2022)
Altered Functional Connectivity of Hypothalamus in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Patients
Hypothalamic-related neural mechanism in lifelong premature ejaculation and trends following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration
Female Premature Orgasm (Forum 1, 2)
Female premature orgasm: Does this exist?
Vagus Nerve
Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders
Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: A psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis (Forum)
Vagal influences over mast cells
Vagus nerve stimulation dampens intestinal inflammation in a murine model of experimental food allergy
Atopic Dermatitis
Reduced lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase mediated signaling in PBMC of atopic dermatitis patients
Structural and functional alterations in the beta2-adrenoceptor are caused by a point mutation in patients with atopic eczema
Järvikallio, A., Harvima, I. T., & Naukkarinen, A. (2003). Mast cells, nerves and neuropeptides in atopic dermatitis and nummular eczema. Archives of dermatological research, 295(1), 2-7.
Targeting IL-33 in Autoimmunity and Inflammation
Endogenous prostaglandin E2 amplifies IL-33 production by macrophages through an E prostanoid (EP)2/EP4-cAMP-EPAC-dependent pathway
Stimulation of Purinergic Receptors Modulates Chemokine Expression in Human Keratinocytes
House dust mite allergens induce interleukin 33 (IL-33) synthesis and release from keratinocytes via ATP-mediated extracellular signaling
Mechanistic correlations between two itch biomarkers, cytokine interleukin-31 and neuropeptide beta-endorphin, via STAT3/calcium axis in atopic dermatitis
Natural killer cell dysregulation underlies atopic dermatitis
Defective NK cell activity in a mouse model of eczema herpeticum
Mast Cell-Specific MRGPRX2: a Key Modulator of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Allergic Diseases
Microbiome/gut/brain
Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of stress, 7,124-136.
Mitochondria and the Gut as crucial hubs for the interactions of melatonin with sirtuins, inflammation, butyrate, tryptophan metabolites, and alpha 7 nicotinic receptor across a host of medical conditions.
GPR109a: The Missing Link between Microbiome and Good Health?
Irritable bowel syndrome: towards biomarker identification
Miura, K., Oshima, T., Ito, C., Horikawa, T., Yamada, M., Tomita, T., ... & Miwa, H. (2020). Vitamin D receptor is overexpressed in the duodenum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
Dothel, G., Barbaro, M. R., Boudin, H., Vasina, V., Cremon, C., Gargano, L., ... & Neunlist, M. (2015). Nerve fiber outgrowth is increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 148(5), 1002-1011.
Weinstock, L. B., Brook, J., Kaleem, Z., Afrin, L., & Molderings, G. (2019). Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is Common in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: 1194. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 114(2019 ACG Annual Meeting Abstracts), S670. (Forum)
Candida albicans Dampens Host Defense by Downregulating IL-17 Production (Forum 1, 2)
Altered interaction between enteric glial cells and mast cells in the colon of women with irritable bowel syndrome
Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T cell generation
Ion channelopathies in functional GI disorders
Vitamin D hormone (Forum 1, 2)
Theoharides, T. C. (2017). Vitamin D and atopy. Clinical therapeutics, 39(5), 880-883.
Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism
Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior
Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid adversely affects the immune system, producing a "pro-inflammatory" state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity
Vitamin D, Testosterone, Epigenetics and Pain an Evolving Concept of Neurosignaling, Neuroplasticity and Homeostasis
Infection (Ideas on Herpes Induced POIS)
Presence of human papillomavirus in semen of healthy men is firmly associated with HPV infections of the penile epithelium
Frequency of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus DNA in semen
The role and regulation of COX-2 during viral infection
VEGF Upregulation in Viral Infections and Its Possible Therapeutic Implications
Extracellular vesicles in human semen modulate antigen-presenting cell function and decrease downstream antiviral T cell responses
Immunotherapy
Targeting IL-2: an unexpected effect in treating immunological diseases
Low-dose IL-2 therapy compensates for metabolic shifts and reverses anxiety-like behavior in PD-1 deficiency-induced autoimmunity
Allergen-specific intralymphatic immunotherapy in human and animal studies
Human seminal plasma allergy: a review of a rare phenomenon
Selective desensitization to seminal plasma protein fractions after immunotherapy for postcoital anaphylaxis
(Genital tract) Inflammation
Lotti, F., & Maggi, M. (2013). Interleukin 8 and the male genital tract. Journal of reproductive immunology, 100(1), 54-65.
Patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome show T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 self-reactive immune responses specific to prostate and seminal antigens and diminished semen quality
Correlation of beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 levels in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis with diagnosis and treatment response
Stress
Porges, S. W. (1992). Vagal Tone: A Physiological Marker of Stress Vulnerability. Pediatrics, 90(3 Pt 2), 498-504. (Forum)
Notaras, M., & van den Buuse, M. (2020). Neurobiology of BDNF in fear memory, sensitivity to stress, and stress-related disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, 1-24.
Decrease of CD4+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells in the peripheral blood of human subjects undergoing a mental stressor
Psychological stress-induced, IDO1-dependent tryptophan catabolism: implications on immunosuppression in mice and humans
Mental Stress Induces Prolonged Endothelial Dysfunction via Endothelin-A Receptors
Exosomes: An emerging factor in stress-induced immunomodulation
Constituents of Human Seminal Fluid
A comprehensive characterization of the peptide and protein constituents of human seminal fluid
Concentrations and significance of cytokines and other immunologic factors in semen of healthy fertile men
A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant
The Taurine and Hypotaurine Content of Human Semen
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in human semen: determination of a reference range
Lot of papers related to semen constituents in references:
Manifestations of immune tolerance in the human female reproductive tract
Exosomes in human semen carry a distinctive repertoire of small non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions
Comprehensive proteomics analysis of exosomes derived from human seminal plasma
Differences in the seminal plasma proteome are associated with oxidative stress levels in men with normal semen parameters
Identification and evaluation of the microbiome in the female and male reproductive tracts
The seminal microbiome in health and disease
House dust mite allergy + (Allergic) Rhinitis (2 papers: Jiang et al. and De Amicis et al.)
Impaired barrier function in patients with house dust mite–induced allergic rhinitis is accompanied by decreased occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression
Increased innate type 2 immune response in house dust mite-allergic patients with allergic rhinitis
IL-33, but Not IL-25, Is Crucial for the Development of House Dust Mite Antigen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis
Non-IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity/pseudo-allergy
Unlocking the Non-IgE-Mediated Pseudo-Allergic Reaction Puzzle with Mas-Related G-Protein Coupled Receptor Member X2 (MRGPRX2)
Intestinal B cell-activating factor: an indicator of non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to food?
Type IV of hypersensitivity and its subtypes
Depression
The association between inflammatory markers (iNOS, HO-1, IL-33, MIP-1b) and depression with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Role of interleukin 8 in depression and other psychiatric disorders
Nitric oxide and major depression
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION: DO WE HAVE ANY SOLID EVIDENCE OF INTEREST TO CLINICIANS?
The importance of norepinephrine in depression
Endogenous opioid system dysregulation in depression: implications for new therapeutic approaches
Major depressive disorder: probiotics may be an adjuvant therapy
Sigma-1 receptors in major depression and anxiety
Niacin/Nicotinamide/NAD
Niacin-induced "Flush" Involves Release of Prostaglandin D2 from Mast Cells and Serotonin from Platelets: Evidence from Human Cells in Vitro and an Animal Model
Role of prostaglandin D2 and the autonomic nervous system in niacin-induced flushing
A Quercetin Containing Supplement Reduces Niacin-Induced Flush in Humans
Excess nicotinamide increases plasma serotonin and histamine levels
Internalization of the human nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A is regulated by G(i), GRK2, and arrestin3
Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications
Nicotinic Acid is a Common Regulator of Heat-Sensing TRPV1-4 Ion Channels
Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1 in vitro, but can be a stimulator in cells
Sirt1/FoxO1-Associated MAO-A Upregulation Promotes Depressive-Like Behavior in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human A53T ?-Synuclein
Sirt1 negatively regulates Fc?RI-mediated mast cell activation through AMPK- and PTP1B-dependent processes
The inhibition of mast cell damage and histamine release in anaphylaxis by pyridine and diphosphopyridine nucleotidase inhibitors. Comparison with compound 48/80
Aspects of Tryptophan and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Immunity: A New Twist in an Old Tale
NAD+ protects against EAE by regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation
NAD+ regulates Treg cell fate and promotes allograft survival via a systemic IL-10 production that is CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells independent
Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy: Is Increased NAD+ a Primary Mechanism?
Niacin and Butyrate: Nutraceuticals Targeting Dysbiosis and Intestinal Permeability in Parkinson’s Disease
Niacin ameliorates ulcerative colitis via prostaglandin D2-mediated D prostanoid receptor 1 activation
Biology of sexual (dys)function
Normal male sexual function: emphasis on orgasm and ejaculation
Biology of Sexual Dysfunction
"in men there is additional activation in the periaqueductal gray matter"
Anatomy and Physiology of Erection, Ejaculation, and Orgasm
Neuroanatomy and Neurochemistry of Sexual Desire, Pleasure, Love and Orgasm
Evolving ideas about the male refractory period
Varicocele stuff
Spontaneous Ejaculation (Waldinger, 2002)
Spontaneous Ejaculation: A Focused Review for the Clinicians
Blood Flow
Impact of Immune System Activation and Vascular Impairment on Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction
Increase in cerebral blood flow of right prefrontal cortex in man during orgasm
Riluzole (mentioned in DOMS POIS paper)
Riluzole reverses blood-testis barrier loss to rescue chemotherapy-induced male infertility by binding to TRPC
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/04/29/2024.04.26.591381.full.pdf
Muon:
Not yet categorized
Scanzano, A., & Cosentino, M. (2015). Adrenergic regulation of innate immunity: a review. Frontiers in pharmacology, 6, 171.
Pacheco, R., Contreras, F., & Zouali, M. (2014). The dopaminergic system in autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in immunology, 5, 117.
LaBelle, E. F., & Polyak, E. (1998). Norepinephrine stimulates arachidonic acid release from vascular smooth muscle via activation of cPLA2. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 274(4), C1129-C1137.
ED2: Erectile Dysfunction = Endothelial Dysfunction
Dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate erectile function in a rat model of nonorganic erectile dysfunction
Action of beta-endorphin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the possible effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on beta-endorphin
Itch induced by peripheral mu opioid receptors is dependent on TRPV1-expressing neurons and alleviated by channel activation
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: roles of norepinephrine deficiency in its causes, its treatment, and future research
Masturbation to Orgasm Stimulates the Release of the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Humans
Endocrine response to masturbation-induced orgasm in healthy men following a 3-week sexual abstinence
Redox / methylation signaling: A novel epigeneticbased mechanism of opioid drug action
An Emerging New Paradigm in Opioid Withdrawal: A Critical Role for Glia-Neuron Signaling in the Periaqueductal Gray
The periaqueductal gray matter mediates opiate-induced immunosuppression
Histamine-induced prolactin release: pharmacological characterization of receptors in male rats
(for sex headaches) Renin/Angiostentin induced alpha1-adrenergic receptor over-expression, "Successful Reversal of Intractable Sexual Headache by Renin Antagonist" (Wei-Hsi Chen, et al, 2015)
An Overview of Seminal Plasma Hypersensitivity and Approach to Treatment
More Evidence Linking Autoimmune Diseases to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Dump section
--- Quote from: J.G ---It's worth noting that observations regarding POIS in / and / or MECFS go back (at least) some 25 years. Noted ME specialist Dr. Jay Goldstein in his 1996 Betrayal by the Brain:
"Several of my male patients have complained that they feel exhausted for several days after ejaculating. Although little is known about the central neurochemistry of orgasm, it appears that NE [norepinephrine] facilitates it, and that NE is depleted after ejaculation. If a male neurosomatic patient were deficient in NE prior to sexual activity, ejaculation could thereby worsen his symptoms" (Goldstein 1996: 63).
Norepinephrine is synthesised from dopamine. Goldstein postulates a "dopaminergic hypofunction" in MECFS.
--- End quote ---
Ref
Book preview
Mr Raba visited Goldstein in the 1990s Link to conversation
Scientific articles to back this up?:
"Dr. Pfeiffer noted that males who had excessive L-Histidine levels had the problem of premature ejaculation." Ref
TRT, sex difference ---> Microglia?
CRH--->Anxiety
VEGF--->BBB
Stress/viral proteins--->Tight junction proteins?
Spermine semen content?
Vitamin D--->Tight junctions?
CIRS/Mold Illness
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MOLD RESEARCH LITERATURE FROM 2011 - 2018
ME/CFS (Research Summaries)
Brainstem Abnormalities in ME/CFS: A Scoping Review and Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Discriminatory cytokine profiles predict muscle function, fatigue and cognitive function in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods
Corrigendum
Reduced Endothelial Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome–Results From Open-Label Cyclophosphamide Intervention Study
Effects of Post-Exertional Malaise on Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Individuals with ME/CFS (Bond et al., 2021)
Exosome-associated Mitochondrial DNA is Elevated in Patients with ME/CFS and Stimulates Human Cultured Microglia to Secrete IL-1b
PEM
Dissecting the nature of post-exertional malaise
Post-exertional Malaise Is Associated with Hypermetabolism, Hypoacetylation, and Purine Metabolism Deregulation in ME/CFS Cases
Fibromyalgia
The Search for Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia
Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia – A multi-site positron emission tomography investigation
Reduced activity, reactivity and functionality of the sympathetic nervous system in fibromyalgia: An electrodermal study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7769271/
Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma
The pain of fibromyalgia syndrome is due to muscle hypoperfusion induced by regional vasomotor dysregulation
Handgrip strength in fibromyalgia 2020
Fibromyalgia and Related Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Lost Link Between Cardiovascular and Nociception Modulation
POTS
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Concise and Practical Guide to Management and Associated Conditions
Is postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) a central nervous system disorder?
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome with Elevated G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Autoantibodies
Proconvertase Furin Is Downregulated in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Serum activity against specific G-protein coupled receptors is associated with the severity of orthostatic symptoms in patients with POTS
Structural and Functional Small Fiber Abnormalities in the Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Post-COVID syndrome (Forum)
https://www.reddit.com/r/covidlonghaulers/comments/k9exxt/sex_ejaculation_induced_relapse/
Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19
The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings
COVID-19 Impairs Immune Response to Candida albicans
COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters
Antioxidants and Long Covid
MS
Central fatigue in MS and altered GABA /glutamate levels 2021
Muon:
reserved 3
Muon:
reserved 4
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